PRAXIS 5095 · COURSE
Praxis 5095 Physical Education: Content and Design course
14 guided lessons across 5 sections. Read the first chapter free — no account needed.
FREE CHAPTER
Anatomy, Exercise Physiology, and Fitness Principles
Content Knowledge is the biggest multiple-choice category on the PE test. It starts with how the body works and how fitness actually improves.
Key words
- Cardiorespiratory endurance
- The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to supply oxygen during sustained activity. — e.g. Running a mile or the PACER test.
- Muscular endurance
- The ability of a muscle to repeat contractions over time without tiring. — e.g. Doing as many curl-ups as possible.
- Principle of specificity
- Training improves the specific system or skill you train. — e.g. Doing jump training to improve vertical jump.
- FITT
- Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type: the variables used to plan exercise. — e.g. Jog 3 days a week, moderate pace, 20 minutes.
- Agonist
- The muscle that contracts to produce a movement (prime mover). — e.g. Quadriceps when extending the knee.
HEALTH-RELATED vs. SKILL-RELATED FITNESS
Health-related fitness has 5 components: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. Skill-related fitness has 6: agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed. A mile run tests cardiorespiratory endurance; a shuttle run tests agility.
MUSCLES WORK IN PAIRS
The agonist (prime mover) contracts to make the movement; the antagonist relaxes on the other side. In a biceps curl, the biceps is the agonist and the triceps is the antagonist. Slow-twitch fibers resist fatigue (distance running). Fast-twitch fibers produce quick, powerful force (sprinting, jumping).
THREE ENERGY SYSTEMS
ATP-PC (phosphagen) powers all-out efforts of about 10 seconds (a 40-yard sprint, a shot put). Anaerobic glycolysis powers hard efforts from about 10 seconds to 2 minutes (a 400-meter run) and produces lactate. The aerobic system uses oxygen for long, steady activity (a 30-minute jog).
TRAINING PRINCIPLES
Overload: work harder than normal to improve. Progression: increase the load gradually. Specificity: you get better at what you train (train legs for a vertical jump). Reversibility: 'use it or lose it.' Individual differences: people respond differently.
FITT
Frequency (how often), Intensity (how hard), Time (how long), Type (what kind of activity). To overload, change one FITT variable at a time. Example: increase jogging from 20 to 25 minutes (time).
HEART RATE
Estimated maximum heart rate is about 220 minus age. A 15-year-old's estimated max is 205. A target zone is a percentage of that max (or of heart rate reserve, the Karvonen method: (max - resting) x intensity + resting). Children are naturally active in short bursts, so long continuous workouts aren't the goal at young ages.
Remember this
- 5 health-related components; 6 skill-related.
- Agonist moves, antagonist relaxes.
- ATP-PC about 10 s; glycolysis to about 2 min; aerobic for long efforts.
- Overload, progression, specificity, reversibility.
- FITT = Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type.
Health-related = 'Can Mike Make Fitness Better?' Cardio, Muscular strength, Muscular endurance, Flexibility, Body composition.
Every lesson in the course
I. Content Knowledge and Student Growth and Development
23%- Anatomy, Exercise Physiology, and Fitness PrinciplesFree
- Biomechanics and Movement Concepts
- Motor Development and Developmentally Appropriate PE
- History, Rules, Legal Liability, and Substance Abuse
II. Management, Motivation, and Communication
19%- Class Management and Maximizing Activity Time
- Motivation and Psychological Factors
- Communication and Feedback
III. Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment
19%- Teaching Styles, Models, and Skill Progressions
- Fitness Instruction and Lesson Planning
- Safety and Injury Prevention
- Assessment in Physical Education
IV. Collaboration, Reflection, and Technology
14%- Collaboration and Comprehensive School Physical Activity
- Reflection, Professional Growth, and Technology
V. Instructional Design
25%- Designing Fitness and Skill Activities (Written Response Strategy)